See https://community.adobe.com/t5/acrobat-reader-discussions/print-properties-button-missing/m-p/14772888

This is still a problem on the latest version of Acrobat (as of Nov 25, 2024) with macOS Sequoia (but it's not a Sequoia problem, it's a problem with the printer Properties function in Acrobat Reader, not with the system dialogue for printing).