Excel supports jumping to a specific workbook sheet by linking to the document and sheet name, similar to an HTML anchor tag. In other words, if an Excel worksheet, named "report.xlsx", contains sheets named "title_page" and "summary", you can link directly to the "summary" sheet using a link like "report.xlsx#summary". You can even link to a specific cell by appending the cell address after an exclamation mark, as in: "report.xlsx#summary!H42". If the sheet name contains spaces, it can be wrapped in single quotes: "report.xlsx#'summary page'!H42".
All of these links work from Word documents, but Acrobat seems to strip the anchor tag and just requests to open the document.